Objective: This unit aims to address, from a "system" point of view, the design of a radio access network. The backbone of the course is the establishment of the link budget of a transmission and the capacity, in terms of the number of users, that a radio access system can offer. The course illustrates different concepts through 30 years of evolution (1990-2020) of radio access standards (2G, 3G, 4G, 5G). The basic elements of signal processing and the main principles of digital modulations are recalled. The different radio access modes are analysed. Content: Free space link budget, link budget with losses, radio channel capacity, Erlang laws, digital modulation, TDMA, CDMA and OFDMA access, OFDM multiplexing, protection against multipath interferences, antenna processing, beamforming and MIMO.

Objective: demonstrate the need for electromagnetic studies in the design of devices constituting a high-frequency communication system, obtain a solid theoretical knowledge and acquire the practical expertise for the electromagnetic modelling of a system, highlight the aspects of free and guided propagation, understand the problem of radiation and the principle of antennas' operation. Content: vector operators, Maxwell equations, plane waves, evanescent waves, polarisation, propagation in a heterogeneous medium, ray approximation, Hertz potentials, Green's theorem, radiation, equivalence principles.

Objective: The aim of this course is to study the main passive and active RF and microwave functions required in any communication system architecture design ("front-end" of a reception system). Content: reminder of the principles of transmission lines (coaxial, two-wire, fiber, waveguide, strip line), reminder on [S] matrix and its properties, printed passive circuits, axial symmetry circuits (analysis in odd / even modes), lumped element impedance matching, noise and non-linearity in RF circuits, RF and microwave active function design (low noise amplifier, power amplifier, maximum gain amplifier, mixer, oscillator), active circuit CAD RF and microwave.

Objective: This module is a first introduction to the problems encountered during the transmission of telecommunication signals on optical fiber for the proper design of an optical link. Content: general architecture of optical networks, WDM links, guided wave phenomena, impact of linear effects during propagation, establishment of a link budget, light-matter interaction mechanisms and associated evolution equations, physics of EDFA amplifiers and the main end components (DBR, DFB, Fabry-Pérot laser sources and PIN or avalanche photodiodes), calculations of the different contributions to the noise in a link (optical sources side and reception side) and calculation of the SNR at the end of the link, origin of the fundamental reasons limiting the capacity of a link.

Objective: The objective of this course is to train students in antenna design techniques. Theoretical and applicative characteristics of antennas in the fields of telecommunications, the Internet of Things, remote sensing and localisation are studied using simple or advanced concepts and taking into account the engineering and research aspects. Content: general antenna properties (impedance and radiation pattern), wired antennas, aperture antennas, printed antennas, directional antennas, miniature antennas, antenna array, multi-antenna system, power supply circuits, projects using NEC / HFSS for design, realisation and measurements of miniature antennas.

Objectif : Cet enseignement a pour objectif d’étudier les principales fonctions passives et actives RF et micro-ondes nécessaires dans toute conception d’architecture de systèmes de communication ("front-end" d’un système de réception). Contenu : rappel sur les principes de lignes de transmission (coaxial, bifilaire, fibre, guide, ligne à bandes), rappel sur la matrice [S] et ses propriétés, circuits passifs imprimés, circuits à symétrie axiale (analyse en modes pair/impair), adaptation d’impédance par éléments localisés, bruit et non-linéarité dans les circuits RF, conception de fonctions actives RF et micro-ondes (amplificateur faible bruit, amplificateur de puissance, amplificateur à gain maximum, mélangeur, oscillateur), CAO des circuits actifs RF et micro-ondes.

Objectif : Ce cours porte sur les techniques de mesure impliquées dans la caractérisation de composants, dispositifs, circuits et systèmes dans les différents domaines des hyperfréquences : couvrant les fréquences radio et micro-ondes et allant au niveau du système et de la communication numérique. L’objectif est de donner aux étudiants une connaissance à la fois théorique et pratique de ces techniques de mesures et de parfaire leur autonomie lors de l’utilisation des appareils de mesure de pointe. Contenu : introduction des appareils de mesure dans le domaine des hyperfréquences (e.g. analyseur de spectre, analyseur de réseau vectoriel), études de différentes techniques de calibration (e.g. TRL, SOLT), TP de mesures d’un amplificateur faible bruit, TP de mesures d’un amplificateur de puissance, TP de mesures sur la transposition de fréquences et la PLL RF, TP de mesures sur la technologie RFID.

Objective: This unit aims to present the evolution of cellular communication networks, in particular on the radio access part. The implementation of the basic principles of current and new radio functions, from signal processing and digital communications (OFDM, OFDMA, MIMO, digital modulations, channel protection), in the 4G and 5G radio interfaces will be studied. This course also focuses on new concepts, such as interference management, carrier aggregation, massive MIMO or non-orthogonal approaches (NOMA). Content: cellular deployment, frequency reuse, frequency planning, radio coverage calculation and system capacity, SISO and MIMO (standard) radio-mobile channel modelling, description of physical layers, interference management mechanisms, new functionalities of 4G radio technologies (LTE, LTEadv), the new 5G radio (NR).

Objective: This unit presents different aspects of the architecture of wireless transceivers. It analyses the interactions between the baseband part and the RF part of a transceiver. It exposes the choices and possible compromises for the optimisation of a global architecture according to the system constraints and the sensitivities of the modulations used compared to the imperfections of the architectures. It ends with an introduction to software radio. Content: Characteristics of waveforms used in radio communication systems and crest factor reduction techniques, quantification of transceiver imperfections, LAB with USRP software radio cards on a basic digital communication link, transmitter linearisation techniques, evolution towards software radio, study of the influence of the RF segment as a function of the type of digital modulation.

Objective: study the physical mechanisms of the propagation of radio waves, deepen the notions of wave propagation according to different contexts of the deployment of the communication systems, study the existing models and the associated parameters for radio channel modelling in different communication systems, establish the appropriate link budgets. Content: microwave radio, mobile radio, indoor channel, broadband communication, study of scientific articles and oral presentations.

Objective: study the principles and properties of different computational techniques in electromagnetics, explain the functionality of electromagnetic simulators according to their computing method. Content: Finite Difference Time Domain method (FDTD), Transmission Line Matrix method (TLM), Finite Element Method (FEM), Method of Moments (MOM), asymptotic methods such as Geometrical Optics and Physical Optics (GO, PO), LAB sessions with Matlab (FDTD, MOM), LAB session with Ansoft Designer (FEM).

Objective: Uncertainty quantification is the end-to-end study of the impact of all forms of error and uncertainty in the models arising in the applications. During the last decade, this research area has gained importance at the interface of applied mathematics, statistics, computational science, and many applications in science and engineering. This course introduces the basic concepts of uncertainty quantification: probabilistic modelling of data, uncertainty propagation techniques and sensitivity analysis. Content: probabilistic modelling (introduction to copula theory), uncertainty propagation (Monte Carlo simulation and polynomial chaos expansions) and sensitivity analysis (correlation measures, Sobol' indices), practical work using Matlab and UQLab.

Objective: Energy harvesting has recently become a solution for powering up autonomous sensors. This is a key point for the success of wireless sensor networks and the Internet of Things (IoT). The objective of this course is to present different techniques used for the production of electrical energy from the sensor environment. Special attention will be given to energy harvesting technologies from electromagnetic waves and from mechanical vibrations. Content: mechanical energy harvesting (electrostatic and piezoelectric transductions), triboelectric devices, wireless energy transfer: near-field systems (inductive coupling, resonant inductive coupling), wireless energy transfer: far-field systems (rectenna: components, RF-DC conversion mechanism, topologies and networks), design considerations, application to wireless communicating sensors power supply

I. Basic of MEMS fabrication : Reminder of MEMS fabrication, Tutorial on MEMS fabrication II. Inertial MEMS : MEMS accelerometer, Tutorial on MEMS accelerometer, Coventor lab on MEMS accelerometer, MEMS gyroscope, ANSYS tutorial on MEMS gyroscope III. Other MEMS applications : MEMS sensors for environment, MEMS sensors for healthcare, MEMS sensors for biology, MEMS sensors for energy, MEMS sensors for airborne particle contamination

Objective: provide the basis of optical link design for very high throughput, characterisation of the key components of the link (laser source, photodetector, modulator, optical fiber), knowledge of the architectures (direct modulation / direct detection, phase modulation / coherent detection) and their respective advantages, understand the impact of the sources of noise and nonlinearities of different components on the quality of an opto-microwave link. Content: characteristics of the various components, presentation of the different possible architectures, definition of the noise sources of the various components (RIN, optical phase noise, shot noise, dark noise, thermal noise, conversion of phase noise / intensity noise), simulation of the electrical gain and electrical noise factor of a very high throughput link for different parameters (optical losses, frequencies, laser polarisation current).

Objective: present recent technologies to increase the amount of information transmitted in the same optical fiber. Content: principles of intensity-modulated WDM optical links, coherent systems and complex modulation format, architecture of associated transmitters and receivers, polarisation multiplexing and spatial multiplexing techniques, linear and nonlinear effects of propagation, broadband amplification, optical transmission quality criteria and fundamental limitations, optical filtering for very high throughput transmission systems and applications to ROADM nodes of flexible optical networks, electro-optical modulation and its applications to the transport of information.

During 4 to 6 months